Biomass Energy Utilization Technology

1 Biogas technology

Biogas technology is a biomass energy utilization technology developed and fully promoted in my country in the 1970s. During the “Ninth Five-Year Plan” period, high-efficiency anaerobic technology applied to the treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater and municipal waste was listed as a key scientific and technological project , Has made the expected progress. The “Tenth Five-Year Plan” scientific and technological research topic “Large and High-Efficiency Anaerobic Biogas Power Generation Technology and Demonstration Power Station” focuses on sewage treatment standards and high-power biogas generator sets, and uses the biogas obtained from sewage treatment to build a biogas power generation demonstration project. At present, my country has built more than 30,000 large and medium-sized biogas digesters with a total volume of more than 1.37 million m3 and an annual output of 55 million m3 of biogas.

2 Biomass gasification technology

During the “Eighth Five-Year Plan” period, major breakthroughs were made in the scientific and technological research topics of “Biomass Pyrolysis Gasification and Heat Utilization Technology”. The biomass mid-calorific value gasification devices, 100 biomass gasification centralized gas supply systems and Plants, food and cash crop biomass gasification drying systems and devices; during the “Ninth Five-Year Plan” period, the scientific and technological research topic of “Biomass Pyrolysis and Gasification and Related Technologies” focused on the research and development of 1MW large-scale biomass gasification power generation technology and Centralized gas supply technology for rural straw gasification; during the “Tenth Five-Year Plan” period, the Guangzhou Institute of Energy Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences developed the “4MW Biomass Gasification Combined Cycle Power Generation System”, which uses a variety of biomass wastes such as chaff, wood chips and straw For raw materials, the power generation efficiency can reach 20% to 28%, and the cost per unit of operation is about 0.35 to 0.45 yuan, which has found a new effective way for the treatment of rural agricultural waste. At present, more than 200 rural gasification stations have been built across the country, and more than 100 chaff gasification generator sets have been built. The biomass gasification technology has made considerable progress.

3 Solid and liquid fuel technology

During the “Eighth Five-Year Plan” period, my country began the exploration and research on the use of cellulosic waste to produce ethanol fuel technology, focusing on scientific and technological research on biomass compression molding technology, introducing advanced foreign models, digesting and absorbing them, and developing various technologies. Various types of biomass compression molding machines suitable for national conditions are used to produce rod, block or granular biomass molding fuels. At present, the industrialization of this technology is progressing smoothly. During the “Ninth Five-Year Plan” period, a classified survey of wild oil plants and the construction of breeding bases were carried out. During the “Tenth Five-Year Plan” period, my country has conducted preliminary experimental studies on alternative fuels such as vegetable oil and biomass pyrolysis oil, including the physical and chemical properties of vegetable oil, esterification modification technology and diesel engine combustion performance.

4 Biomass engineering technology

In the field of biomass engineering, for the internationally recognized three major technical problems of overcoming the resistance of lignocellulose molecules to biotransformation from the degradation of polysaccharides to fermentable sugars, the use of fermentable sugar biotransformation and product separation through microbial metabolic engineering and genetic engineering research , my country has unique technological advantages. For example: The integrated membrane bioreactor continuous fermentation technology developed in my country not only solves the problem of product inhibition of bacterial growth, but also enables microorganisms to ferment at high concentrations, and the clarified fermentation broth that does not contain cells and biopolymer impurities has It facilitates the separation and purification of the target product and simplifies the downstream extraction process.